Geriatric Onset Laryngeal Paralysis and Polyneuropathy (GOLPP)
GOLPP is a degenerative neurological condition that starts with laryngeal paralysis and esophageal dysfunction and progresses to hind limb weakness and loss of muscle mass. The nerves that control the muscles of the throat and the cartilage of the larynx (the upper part of the trachea where the vocal cords are located) are the first affected. This cartilage is responsible for controlling air flow in and out of the trachea (windpipe) for breathing and protecting the trachea while swallowing. The cartilage opens to allow air through and closes to prevent food and water from entering. With GOLPP, the cartilage stays in a middle position, allowing less air to pass through and the potential for aspiration of food and water. It occurs in senior and geriatric medium to large breed dogs, with Labrador Retrievers being overly represented, but is also seen in greyhounds, Newfoundlands, German shepherds, Australian shepherds, borzois, golden retrievers, St. Bernards, Irish setters, English setters, and Brittany spaniels . Common clinical signs are:
Harsh breathing
Increased panting (even at rest and when it’s not hot)
Coughing especially when drinking water
Exercise intolerance, tiring easily, or difficulty breathing with simple activity
Change in bark (may be gruff or hoarse sounding)
Hind limb weakness/scuffing of nails when walking
Muscle atrophy
Unsteady or wobbly gait
Regurgitation
Collapse
Eventually leading to respiratory distress and death
Diagnosis is made based on symptoms and examination of the movement of the vocal cords. This is done either directly through the mouth with the animal lightly anesthetized or using ultrasound when the patient is conscious. A neurological exam should also be performed to evaluate gait, reflexes, muscle tone, and proprioception.
Treatment often requires surgical correction with a “tie back” of the laryngeal cartilage to allow air flow. This is usually only done on one side. This procedure significantly reduces the risk of respiratory distress, but does not prevent progression of the other aspects of the disease and the dog will continue to have peripheral neuropathy and esophageal dysfunction. It should also be noted that this surgery increases the risk of aspiration by up to 20% so swimming is not recommended and use of underwater treadmill should be with extreme caution. Regular exercise is recommended to preserve muscle strength and manage any orthopedic co-morbidities. Consulting a rehabilitation specialist to assist in a proper program for strengthening, coordination, and balance is important to help manage symptoms, slow progression, and maintain the dog’s independence for as long as possible.
Here is a great resource for owners and veterinarians alike.
Platt, Simon & Olby, Natasha. (2019). BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Neurology (4th edition). British Small Animal Veterinary Association
Zink, Chris & Van Dyke, Janet B. (2018). Canine Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation (2nd edition), WILEY Blackwell
Gardner, Mary. Robertson, Sheilah. Stanley, Bryden. (2024). All About GOLPP. What is GOLPP. https://www.allaboutgolpp.com/vets-what-is-golpp
Next Week: Fibrocartilaginous Embolism (FCE)